Application of enzymes as a feed additive in aquaculture

Modern aquaculture must be sustainable in terms of energy consumption, raw materials used, and environmental impact, so alternatives are needed to replace fsh feed with other raw materials. Enzyme use in the agri-food industry is based on their efciency, safety, and protection of the environment, which aligns with the requirements of a resource-saving production system. Enzyme supplementation in fsh feed can improve digestibility and absorption of both plant- and animalderived ingredients, increasing the growth parameters of aquacultural animals. Herein we summarized the recent literature that reported the use of digestive enzymes (amylases, lipases, proteases, cellulases, and hemicellulases) and non-digestive enzymes (phytases, glucose oxidase, and lysozyme) in fsh feed. In addition, we analyzed how critical steps of the pelleting process, including microencapsulation and immobilization, can interfere with enzyme activity in the fnal fsh feed product. full text

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